Abrasives
Abrasives are a general term for abrasives and abrasives, including abrasive products and abrasive products. Abrasives are known as industrial teeth. In grinding, abrasives or abrasive tools are often used as grinding tools to machine the parts to be machined to meet certain technical requirements.
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Commonly used abrasive mills include cutting discs and grinding discs, flap discs, quick-change grinding discs, grinding rolls, bonded grinding wheels, Chiba grinding rings and sandpaper grinding rings, non-bonded killow grinding wheels, Chiba grinding wheels, sandpaper rolls and velvet Roll, tungsten steel rotary boring tool.
Abrasive classification
Among them, abrasive products are mainly divided into two categories: corundum abrasives and silicon carbide abrasives. Specifically, there are basically the following
1. Brown corundum abrasive, the main component is Al2O3, with medium hardness, high toughness, sharp particles, relatively low price, suitable for processing high tensile strength metals. Microcrystalline corundum abrasives and black corundum abrasives are all derived varieties.
2, white corundum abrasive, its hardness is slightly higher than brown corundum, but the toughness is poor, easy to cut into the workpiece during grinding, self-sharpness, less heat, strong grinding ability, high efficiency. Chrome corundum abrasive is a derivative of its origin.
3, single crystal corundum abrasive, the particles are composed of a single crystal, and has a good multi-edge cutting edge, high hardness and toughness, strong grinding ability, less heat generation, the disadvantage is higher production costs, production Lower, so the price is higher. Zirconium corundum abrasive is also a crystalline compound with a slightly lower hardness, a finer crystal size and good wear resistance.
4, black silicon carbide abrasive, green silicon carbide abrasive, cubic silicon carbide abrasive, silicon carbide abrasive, etc., belonging to silicon carbide abrasive, the main component is silicon carbide SiC, high hardness, brittleness, sharp abrasive grain, good thermal conductivity, Strong wear resistance, suitable for processing hard and brittle metal and non-metal products.
Abrasives play a cutting role in the abrasive
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Bonding agents are materials that consolidate loose abrasives into abrasive tools, both inorganic and organic. Inorganic binders include ceramics, rhombohedral and sodium silicate; organic resins, rubber and shellac. The most commonly used are ceramic, resin and rubber binders.
The air hole acts as a chip and chip on the wear debris during grinding, and can accommodate the coolant to help dissipate the heat. In order to meet certain special processing requirements, some fillers such as sulfur and paraffin may be impregnated in the pores to improve the performance of the abrasive tool. This filler, also known as the fourth element of the abrasive tool.
The items that represent the characteristics of ordinary abrasive bonded abrasives are:
Shape, size abrasive, particle size, hardness, texture, back pile, backing and bonding agent. Abrasive hardness refers to the difficulty of the abrasive particles falling off the surface of the abrasive under the action of external force. It reflects the strength of the abrasive particles held by the binder.
The hardness of the abrasive tool mainly depends on the amount of the binder added and the density of the abrasive. The abrasive particles are easy to fall off, indicating that the hardness of the abrasive is low; otherwise, the hardness is high. The hardness grades are generally divided into seven levels: super soft, soft, medium soft, medium, medium hard, hard and super hard. From these levels, several small levels can be subdivided. The method for determining the hardness of the grinding tool is more commonly used by a hand cone method, a mechanical cone method, a Rockwell hardness tester method, and a sand blast hardness tester.
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The hardness of the abrasive tool has a corresponding relationship with its dynamic elastic modulus, which is advantageous for determining the dynamic modulus of the abrasive tool by the audio method to indicate the hardness of the abrasive tool. In the grinding process, if the material of the workpiece to be ground is high in hardness, a grinding tool having a low hardness is generally used; and vice versa, a grinding tool having a high hardness is used.
Abrasives are roughly classified into three types: compact, medium, and loose. Each class can be subdivided, etc., and is distinguished by the organization number. The larger the abrasive tissue number, the smaller the volume fraction of the abrasive in the abrasive tool, and the wider the gap between the abrasive grains, indicating that the tissue is looser. Conversely, a smaller organization number indicates a tighter organization. The abrasive material of the looser structure is not easy to passivate when used, and the heat is less during the grinding process, which can reduce the heat deformation and burn of the workpiece. The abrasive particles of the tighter structure are not easy to fall off, which is beneficial to maintain the geometry of the abrasive tool. The organization of the abrasive tool is controlled only by the abrasive formula at the time of manufacture, and is generally not measured.
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